62 results
P104: Heterogeneity of Response to methylphenidate in apathetic patients in the ADMET 2 Trial
- KL Lanctôt, L Rivet, S Tumati, J Perin, D Vieira, PB Rosenberg, N Herrmann, AJ Lerner, PR Padala, O Brawman-Mintzer, CH van Dyck, A Porsteinsson, S Craft, A Levey, JE Mintzer
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue S1 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 February 2024, pp. 125-126
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Background:
Apathy is the most common neuropsychiatric symptom in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however there are no approved treatments. In the recent Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2), methylphenidate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in apathy with a small to medium effect size. We assessed response in ADMET 2 to identify individuals likely to benefit from methylphenidate.
Methods:In ADMET 2, AD patients with clinically significant apathy were randomized to methylphenidate or placebo. Twenty-three potential predictors of treatment outcome chosen a priori for evaluation were divided into levels (e.g. anxiety present/absent). For each predictor, change in Neuropsychiatric Inventory apathy (NPI-A) due to methylphenidate for each level was estimated. Predictors with larger differences in effect (>= 2pt NPI-A) between levels were selected. Participants were then grouped into 10 subgroups by their index scores, constructed based on model-based prediction of response (NPI-A >=4).
Results:In total 177 participants (66% male, mean (SD) age 75.7 (8.0), Mini-Mental State Examination 18.9 (4.8)) had 3 month follow-up data. Six potential predictors met criteria for multivariate modelling. The median Index score was -1.33 (range: -8.35 to 6.83). Methylphenidate was more efficacious in participants with no NPI anxiety (change in NPI-A - 2.21, Standard Error (SE):0.60, p=0.0004) or agitation (-2.63, SE: 0.68, p=0.0002), and who were on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) (-2.44, SE:0.62, p=0.0001), between 52-72 years of age (- 2.93, SE:1.05, p=0.007), had normal diastolic blood pressure (-2.43, SE: 1.03, p=0.02), and more functional impairment (-2.56, SE: 1.16, p=0.03) as measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living scale. After 3 months of methylphenidate, 79% of participants with a higher index score (>median) responded (>= 4pt NPI-A) and 49% of those with a lower index score responded.
Conclusions:Individuals who were less anxious or agitated, younger, on a ChEI, had normal diastolic blood pressure, and with more impaired function were more likely to benefit from methylphenidate when compared to placebo. Consistent with its potential activating effects, methylphenidate may be particularly beneficial for apathetic AD participants with lower baseline anxiety and agitation.
Cost consequence analysis of Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2)
- Krista L. Lanctôt, Clara Chen, Ethan Mah, Alex Kiss, Abby Li, Dave Shade, Roberta W. Scherer, Danielle Vieira, Hamadou Coulibaly, Paul B. Rosenberg, Alan J. Lerner, Prasad R. Padala, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Christopher H. van Dyck, Anton P. Porsteinsson, Suzanne Craft, Allan Levey, William J. Burke, Jacobo Mintzer, Nathan Herrmann
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 35 / Issue 11 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2023, pp. 664-672
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Background:
This paper used data from the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (NCT02346201) to conduct a planned cost consequence analysis to investigate whether treatment of apathy with methylphenidate is economically attractive.
Methods:A total of 167 patients with clinically significant apathy randomized to either methylphenidate or placebo were included. The Resource Utilization in Dementia Lite instrument assessed resource utilization for the past 30 days and the EuroQol five dimension five level questionnaire assessed health utility at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Resources were converted to costs using standard sources and reported in 2021 USD. A repeated measures analysis of variance compared change in costs and utility over time between the treatment and placebo groups. A binary logistic regression was used to assess cost predictors.
Results:Costs were not significantly different between groups whether the cost of methylphenidate was excluded (F(2,330) = 0.626, ηp2 = 0.004, p = 0.535) or included (F(2,330) = 0.629, ηp2 = 0.004, p = 0.534). Utility improved with methylphenidate treatment as there was a group by time interaction (F(2,330) = 7.525, ηp2 = 0.044, p < 0.001).
Discussion:Results from this study indicated that there was no evidence for a difference in resource utilization costs between methylphenidate and placebo treatment. However, utility improved significantly over the 6-month follow-up period. These results can aid in decision-making to improve quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease while considering the burden on the healthcare system.
Costs of ambulatory pediatric healthcare-associated infections: Central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTIs), and surgical site infections (SSIs)
- Michael L. Rinke, Suzette O. Oyeku, William J. H. Ford, Moonseong Heo, Lisa Saiman, Patricia DeLaMora, Barbara Rabin, Philip Zachariah, Rebecca E. Rosenberg, Parsa Mirhaji, Oghale Obaro-Best, Michael Drasher, Elizabeth Klein, Alexandre Peshansky, David G. Bundy
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue 11 / November 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 September 2020, pp. 1292-1297
- Print publication:
- November 2020
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Objective:
Ambulatory healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur frequently in children and are associated with morbidity. Less is known about ambulatory HAI costs. This study estimated additional costs associated with pediatric ambulatory central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and surgical site infections (SSIs) following ambulatory surgery.
Design:Retrospective case-control study.
Setting:Four academic medical centers.
Patients:Children aged 0–22 years seen between 2010 and 2015 and at risk for HAI as identified by electronic queries.
Methods:Chart review adjudicated HAIs. Charges were obtained for patients with HAIs and matched controls 30 days before HAI, on the day of, and 30 days after HAI. Charges were converted to costs and 2015 USD. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to estimate the difference-in-differences of HAI case versus control costs in 2 models: unrecorded charge values considered missing and a sensitivity analysis with unrecorded charge considered $0.
Results:Our search identified 177 patients with ambulatory CLABSIs, 53 with ambulatory CAUTIs, and 26 with SSIs following ambulatory surgery who were matched with 382, 110, and 75 controls, respectively. Additional cost associated with an ambulatory CLABSI was $5,684 (95% confidence interval [CI], $1,005–$10,362) and $6,502 (95% CI, $2,261–$10,744) in the 2 models; cost associated with a CAUTI was $6,660 (95% CI, $1,055, $12,145) and $2,661 (95% CI, −$431 to $5,753); cost associated with an SSI following ambulatory surgery at 1 institution only was $6,370 (95% CI, $4,022–$8,719).
Conclusions:Ambulatory HAI in pediatric patients are associated with significant additional costs. Further work is needed to reduce ambulatory HAIs.
Pediatric ambulatory catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs): Incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes
- Michael L. Rinke, Suzette O. Oyeku, Moonseong Heo, Lisa Saiman, Philip Zachariah, Rebecca E. Rosenberg, Patricia DeLaMora, Barbara Rabin, Parsa Mirhaji, Elizabeth Klein, William J. H. Ford, Oghale Obaro-Best, Michael Drasher, Alexandre Peshansky, Kelly Ann Balem, David G. Bundy
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue 8 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 June 2020, pp. 891-899
- Print publication:
- August 2020
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Objective:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) occur frequently in pediatric inpatients, and they are associated with increased morbidity and cost. Few studies have investigated ambulatory CAUTIs, despite at-risk children utilizing home urinary catheterization. This retrospective cohort and case-control study determined incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of pediatric patients with ambulatory CAUTI.
Design:Broad electronic queries identified potential patients with ambulatory urinary catheters, and direct chart review confirmed catheters and adjudicated whether ambulatory CAUTI occurred. CAUTI definitions included clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Our matched case-control analysis assessed risk factors.
Setting:Five urban, academic medical centers, part of the New York City Clinical Data Research Network.
Patients:Potential patients were age <22 years who were seen between October 2010 and September 2015.
Results:In total, 3,598 eligible patients were identified; 359 of these used ambulatory catheterization (representing186,616 ambulatory catheter days). Of these, 63 patients (18%) experienced 95 ambulatory CAUTIs. The overall ambulatory CAUTI incidence was 0.51 infections per 1,000 catheter days (1.35 for indwelling catheters and 0.47 for CIC; incidence rate ratio, 2.88). Patients with nonprivate medical insurance (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–6.3) were significantly more likely to have ambulatory CAUTIs in bivariate models but not multivariable models. Also, 45% of ambulatory CAUTI resulted in hospitalization (median duration, 3 days); 5% resulted in intensive care admission; 47% underwent imaging; and 88% were treated with antibiotics.
Conclusions:Pediatric ambulatory CAUTIs occur in 18% of patients with catheters; they are associated with morbidity and healthcare utilization. Ambulatory indwelling catheter CAUTI incidence exceeded national inpatient incidence. Future quality improvement research to reduce these harmful infections is warranted.
Testing the self-medication hypothesis of depression and aggression in cannabis dependent subjects
- M. Arendt, R. Rosenberg, L. Fjordback, J. Brandholdt, L. Foldager, L. Sher, P. Munk-Jørgensen
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S183
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Background:
A self-medication hypothesis has been proposed to explain the association between cannabis use and a number of psychiatric and behavioral problems. However, there is little knowledge on reasons for use and reactions while intoxicated, in cannabis users who suffer from depression or problems controlling violent behavior.
Methods:We assessed 119 cannabis dependent subjects using the Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), parts of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), and questionnaires on reasons for cannabis use and reactions to cannabis use while intoxicated. Participants with lifetime depression, and problems controlling violent behavior, were compared to subjects without such problems. Validity of the groupings was corroborated by use of a psychiatric treatment register, previous use of psychotropic medication, and convictions for violence.
Results:Subjects with lifetime depression used cannabis for the same reasons as others. While under the influence of cannabis, they more often experienced depression, sadness, anxiety and paranoia, and they were less likely to report happiness or euphoria. Participants reporting problems controlling violent behavior more often used cannabis to decrease aggression, decrease suspiciousness, and for relaxation; while intoxicated they more often reacted with aggression.
Conclusions:Subjects with prior depression do not use cannabis as a mean of self-medication. They are more likely to experience specific increases of adverse symptoms while under the influence of cannabis, and are less likely to experience specific symptom relief. There is some evidence that cannabis is used as a mean of self-medication for problems controlling aggression.
Seroprevalence of HCV, HBV and HIV in two inner-city London emergency departments
- L. Cieply, R. Simmons, S. Ijaz, E. Kara, A. Rodger, W. Rosenberg, A. McGuinness, J. L. Mbisa, J. Ledesma, N. Ohemeng-Kumi, S. Dicks, H. Potts, S. Lattimore, S. Mandal
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 147 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 March 2019, e145
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Summary: In this paper we build on work investigating the feasibility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in emergency departments (EDs), estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B, C and HIV infections among persons attending two inner-London EDs, identifying factors associated with testing positive in an ED. We also undertook molecular characterisation to look at the diversity of the viruses circulating in these individuals, and the presence of clinically significant mutations which impact on treatment and control.
Blood-borne virus (BBV) testing in non-traditional settings is feasible, with emergency departments (ED) potentially effective at reaching vulnerable and underserved populations. We investigated the feasibility of BBV testing within two inner-London EDs. Residual samples from biochemistry for adults (⩾18 years) attending The Royal Free London Hospital (RFLH) or the University College London Hospital (UCLH) ED between January and June 2015 were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Ag/Ab, anti-hepatitis C (HCV) and HBsAg. PCR and sequence analysis were conducted on reactive samples. Sero-prevalence among persons attending RFH and UCLH with residual samples (1287 and 1546), respectively, were 1.1% and 1.0% for HBsAg, 1.6% and 2.3% for anti-HCV, 0.9% and 1.6% for HCV RNA, and 1.3% and 2.2% for HIV. For RFH, HBsAg positivity was more likely among persons of black vs. white ethnicity (odds ratio 9.08; 95% confidence interval 2.72–30), with anti-HCV positivity less likely among females (0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.50). For UCLH, HBsAg positivity was more likely among non-white ethnicity (13.34, 95% CI 2.20–80.86 (Asian); 8.03, 95% CI 1.12–57.61 (black); and 8.11, 95% CI 1.13–58.18 (other/mixed)). Anti-HCV positivity was more likely among 36–55 year olds vs. ⩾56 years (7.69, 95% CI 2.24–26.41), and less likely among females (0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.65). Persons positive for HIV-markers were more likely to be of black vs. white ethnicity (4.51, 95% CI 1.63–12.45), and less likely to have one ED attendance (0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.88), or female (0.12, 95% CI 0.04–0.42). These results indicate that BBV-testing in EDs is feasible, providing a basis for further studies to explore provider and patient acceptability, referral into care and cost-effectiveness.
Risk factors for sporadic Giardia infection in the USA: a case-control study in Colorado and Minnesota
- H. E. Reses, J. W. Gargano, J. L. Liang, A. Cronquist, K. Smith, S. A. Collier, S. L. Roy, J. Vanden Eng, A. Bogard, B. Lee, M. C. Hlavsa, E. S. Rosenberg, K. E. Fullerton, M. J. Beach, J. S. Yoder
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 9 / July 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 May 2018, pp. 1071-1078
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Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal parasite of humans in the USA, but the risk factors for sporadic (non-outbreak) giardiasis are not well described. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Colorado and Minnesota public health departments conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors for sporadic giardiasis in the USA. Cases (N = 199) were patients with non-outbreak-associated laboratory-confirmed Giardia infection in Colorado and Minnesota, and controls (N = 381) were matched by age and site. Identified risk factors included international travel (aOR = 13.9; 95% CI 4.9–39.8), drinking water from a river, lake, stream, or spring (aOR = 6.5; 95% CI 2.0–20.6), swimming in a natural body of water (aOR = 3.3; 95% CI 1.5–7.0), male–male sexual behaviour (aOR = 45.7; 95% CI 5.8–362.0), having contact with children in diapers (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.01–2.6), taking antibiotics (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2–5.0) and having a chronic gastrointestinal condition (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1–3.0). Eating raw produce was inversely associated with infection (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.7). Our results highlight the diversity of risk factors for sporadic giardiasis and the importance of non-international-travel-associated risk factors, particularly those involving person-to-person transmission. Prevention measures should focus on reducing risks associated with diaper handling, sexual contact, swimming in untreated water, and drinking untreated water.
Household-level factors associated with relapse following discharge from treatment for moderate acute malnutrition
- Heather C. Stobaugh, Beatrice L. Rogers, Patrick Webb, Irwin H. Rosenberg, Chrissie Thakwalakwa, Kenneth M. Maleta, Indi Trehan, Mark J. Manary
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 119 / Issue 9 / 14 May 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 March 2018, pp. 1039-1046
- Print publication:
- 14 May 2018
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Factors associated with relapse among children who are discharged after reaching a threshold denoted ‘recovered’ from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with sustained recovery, defined as maintaining a mid-upper-arm circumference≥12·5 cm for 1 year after release from treatment. On the basis of an observational study design, we analysed data from an in-depth household (HH) survey on a sub-sample of participants within a larger cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) that followed up children for 1 year after recovery from MAM. Out of 1497 children participating in the cRCT, a subset of 315 children participated in this sub-study. Accounting for other factors, HH with fitted lids on water storage containers (P=0·004) was a significant predictor of sustained recovery. In addition, sustained recovery was better among children whose caregivers were observed to have clean hands (P=0·053) and in HH using an improved sanitation facility (P=0·083). By contrast, socio-economic status and infant and young child feeding practices at the time of discharge and HH food security throughout the follow-up period were not significant. Given these results, we hypothesise that improved water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in tandem with management of MAM through supplemental feeding programmes have the possibility to decrease relapse following recovery from MAM. Furthermore, the absence of associations between relapse and nearly all HH-level factors indicates that the causal factors of relapse may be related mostly to the child’s individual, underlying health and nutrition status.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Contributors
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- By Agoston T. Agoston, Syed Z. Ali, Mahul B. Amin, Daniel A. Arber, Pedram Argani, Sylvia L. Asa, Rebecca N. Baergen, Zubair W. Baloch, Andrew M. Bellizzi, Kurt Benirschke, Allen Burke, Kenneth B. Calder, Karen L. Chang, Rebecca D. Chernock, Wang Cheung, Thomas V. Colby, Byron P. Croker, Ronald A. DeLellis, Edward F. DiCarlo, Ralph C. Eagle, Hormoz Ehya, Brett M. Elicker, Tarik M. Elsheikh, Robert E. Fechner, Linda D. Ferrell, Melina B. Flanagan, Douglas B. Flieder, Christopher S. Foster, Lillian Gaber, Karuna Garg, Kim R. Geisinger, Ryan M. Gill, Eric F. Glassy, David J. Glembocki, Zachary D. Goodman, Robert O. Greer, David J. Grignon, Gerardo E. Guiter, Kymberly A. Gyure, Ian S. Hagemann, Michael R. Henry, Jason L. Hornick, Ralph H. Hruban, Phyllis C. Huettner, Peter A. Humphrey, Olga B. Ioffe, Edward C. Klatt, Michael J. Klein, Ernest E. Lack, James N. Lampros, Lester J. Layfield, Robin D. LeGallo, Kevin O. Leslie, James S. Lewis, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Alberto M. Marchevsky, Anne Marie McNicol, Mitra Mehrad, Elizabeth Montgomery, Cesar A. Moran, Christopher A. Moskaluk, George J. Netto, G. Petur Nielsen, Robert D. Odze, Arthur S. Patchefsky, James W. Patterson, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, John D. Pfeifer, Celeste N. Powers, Richard A. Prayson, Anja C. Roden, Victor L. Roggli, Andrew E. Rosenberg, Sherif Said, Margie A. Scott, Raja R. Seethala, Carlie S. Sigel, Jan F. Silverman, Bruce R. Smoller, Edward B. Stelow, Nora C. J. Sun, Mark W. Teague, Satish K. Tickoo, Thomas M. Ulbright, Paul E. Wakely, Jun Wang, Lawrence M. Weiss, Mark R. Wick, Howard H. Wu, Rhonda K. Yantiss, Charles Zaloudek, Yaxia Zhang, Xiaohui Sheila Zhao
- Edited by Mark R. Wick, University of Virginia, Virginia A. LiVolsi, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, John D. Pfeifer, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Edward B. Stelow, University of Virginia, Paul E. Wakely, Jr
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- Silverberg's Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology
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- 13 March 2015
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- 26 March 2015, pp vii-x
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Using Antibiograms to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing in Skilled Nursing Facilities
- Jon P. Furuno, Angela C. Comer, J. Kristie Johnson, Joseph H. Rosenberg, Susan L. Moore, Thomas D. MacKenzie, Kendall K. Hall, Jon Mark Hirshon
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- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue S3 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2016, pp. S56-S61
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- October 2014
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Background.
Antibiograms have effectively improved antibiotic prescribing in acute-care settings; however, their effectiveness in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is currently unknown.
Objective.To develop SNF-specific antibiograms and identify opportunities to improve antibiotic prescribing.
Design and Setting.Cross-sectional and pretest-posttest study among residents of 3 Maryland SNFs.
Methods.Antibiograms were created using clinical culture data from a 6-month period in each SNF. We also used admission clinical culture data from the acute care facility primarily associated with each SNF for transferred residents. We manually collected all data from medical charts, and antibiograms were created using WHONET software. We then used a pretest-posttest study to evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiogram on changing antibiotic prescribing practices in a single SNF. Appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy was defined as an empirical antibiotic choice that sufficiently covered the infecting organism, considering antibiotic susceptibilities.
Results.We reviewed 839 patient charts from SNF and acute care facilities. During the initial assessment period, 85% of initial antibiotic use in the SNFs was empirical, and thus only 15% of initial antibiotics were based on culture results. Fluoroquinolones were the most frequently used empirical antibiotics, accounting for 54.5% of initial prescribing instances. Among patients with available culture data, only 35% of empirical antibiotic prescribing was determined to be appropriate. In the single SNF in which we evaluated antibiogram effectiveness, prevalence of appropriate antibiotic prescribing increased from 32% to 45% after antibiogram implementation; however, this was not statistically significant (P = .32).
Conclusions.Implementation of antibiograms may be effective in improving empirical antibiotic prescribing in SNFs.
Contributors
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- By Robert S. Anderson, (Mary) Colleen Bhalla, Michelle Blanda, Christopher Carpenter, Chris Chauhan, Paul L. DeSandre, Maura Dickinson, Jonathan A. Edlow, Dany Elsayegh, Kara Iskyan Geren, Peter J. Gruber, Jin H. Han, Marianne Haughey, Teresita M. Hogan, Ula Hwang, Lindsay Jin, Michael P. Jones, Joseph H. Kahn, Keli M. Kwok, Denise Law, Megan M. Leo, Stephen Y. Liang, Judith A. Linden, Brendan G. Magauran Jr, Joseph P. Martinez, Amal Mattu, Karen M. May, Aileen McCabe, Kerry K. McCabe, Jolion McGreevy, Ron Medzon, Ravi K. Murthy, Aneesh T. Narang, Lauren M. Nentwich, David E. Newman-Toker, Jonathan S. Olshaker, Joseph R. Pare, Thomas Perera, Joanna Piechniczek-Buczek, Jesse M. Pines, Timothy Platts-Mills, Suzanne Michelle Rhodes, Lynne Rosenberg, Mark Rosenberg, Todd C. Rothenhaus, Kristine Samson, Arthur B. Sanders, Jeffrey I. Schneider, Rishi Sikka, Kirk A. Stiffler, Morsal R. Tahouni, Mary E. Tanski, Abel Wakai, Scott T. Wilber, Deborah R. Wong
- Edited by Joseph H. Kahn, Brendan G. Magauran, Jr, Jonathan S. Olshaker
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- Book:
- Geriatric Emergency Medicine
- Published online:
- 05 January 2014
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- 16 January 2014, pp vii-x
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Low-frequency electrostatic waves in a magnetized, current-free, heavy negative ion plasma
- S. H. KIM, R. L. MERLINO, J. K. MEYER, M. ROSENBERG
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- Journal of Plasma Physics / Volume 79 / Issue 6 / December 2013
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- 14 November 2013, pp. 1107-1111
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We report experimental observations of a low-frequency (≪ ion gyrofrequency) electrostatic wave mode in a magnetized cylindrical (Q machine) plasma containing positive ions, very few electrons and a relatively large fraction (n−/ne > 103) of heavy negative ions (m−/m+ ≈ 10), and no magnetic field-aligned current. The waves propagate nearly perpendicular to B with a multiharmonic spectrum. The maximum wave amplitude coincided spatially with the region of largest density gradient suggesting that the waves were excited by a drift instability in a nearly electron-free positive ion–negative ion plasma
Contributors
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- By Krista Adamek, Ana Luisa K. Albernaz, J. Marcio Ayres†, Andrew J. Baker, Karen L. Bales, Adrian A. Barnett, Christopher Barton, John M. Bates, Jennie Becker, Bruna M. Bezerra, Júlio César Bicca-Marques, Richard Bodmer, Jean P. Boubli, Mark Bowler, Sarah A. Boyle, Christini Barbosa Caselli, Janice Chism, Elena P. Cunningham, José Maria C. da Silva, Lesa C. Davies, Nayara de Alcântara Cardoso, Manuella A. de Souza, Stella de la Torre, Ana Gabriela de Luna, Thomas R. Defler, Anthony Di Fiore, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Stephen F. Ferrari, Wilsea M.B. Figueiredo-Ready, Tracy Frampton, Paul A. Garber, Brian W. Grafton, L. Tremaine Gregory, Maria L. Harada, Amy Harrison-Levine, Walter C. Hartwig, Stefanie Heiduck, Eckhard W. Heymann, André Hirsch, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Gareth Jones, Richard F. Kay, Martin M. Kowalewski, Shawn M. Lehman, Laura Marsh, Jesús Martinez, William A. Mason, Hope Matthews, Wynlyn McBride, Shona McCann-Wood, W. Scott McGraw, D. Jeffrey Meldrum, Sally P. Mendoza, Nohelia Mercado, Russell A. Mittermeier, Mirjam N. Nadjafzadeh, Marilyn A. Norconk, Robert Gary Norman, Marcela Oliveira, Marcelo M. Oliveira, Maria Juliana Ospina Rodríguez, Erwin Palacios, Suzanne Palminteri, Liliam P. Pinto, Marcio Port-Carvalho, Leila Porter, Carlos Portillo-Quintero, George Powell, Ghillean T. Prance, Rodrigo C. Printes, Pablo Puertas, P. Kirsten Pullen, Helder L. Queiroz, Luis Reginaldo R. Rodrigues, Adriana Rodríguez, Alfred L. Rosenberger, Anthony B. Rylands, Ricardo R. Santos, Horacio Schneider, Eleonore Z.F. Setz, Suleima S.B. Silva, José S. Silva Júnior, Andrew T. Smith, Marcelo C. Sousa, Antonio S. Souto, Wilson R. Spironello, Masanaru Takai, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Cynthia L. Thompson, Diego G. Tirira, Raul Tupayachi, Bernardo Urbani, Liza M. Veiga, Marianela Velilla, João Valsecchi, Jean-Christophe Vié, Tatiana M. Vieira, Suzanne E. Walker-Pacheco, Rob Wallace, Patricia C. Wright, Charles E. Zartman
- Edited by Liza M. Veiga, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil, Adrian A. Barnett, Roehampton University, London, Stephen F. Ferrari, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil, Marilyn A. Norconk, Kent State University, Ohio
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- Book:
- Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
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- 11 April 2013, pp xii-xv
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Localization of white-matter lesions and effect of vascular risk factors in late-onset major depression
- R. B. Dalby, M. M. Chakravarty, J. Ahdidan, L. Sørensen, J. Frandsen, K. Y. Jonsdottir, E. Tehrani, R. Rosenberg, L. Østergaard, P. Videbech
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 40 / Issue 8 / August 2010
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- 09 November 2009, pp. 1389-1399
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Background
Several studies suggest that patients with late-onset major depression (MD) have an increased load of cerebral white-matter lesions (WMLs) compared with age-matched controls. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension and smoking may confound such findings. Our aim was to investigate the association between the localization and load of WMLs in late-onset MD with respect to vascular risk factors.
MethodWe examined 22 consecutive patients with late-onset first-episode MD and 22 age- and gender-matched controls using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The localization, number and volume of WMLs were compared between patients and controls, while testing the effect of vascular risk factors.
ResultsAmong subjects with one or more WMLs, patients displayed a significantly higher WML density in two white-matter tracts: the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right frontal projections of the corpus callosum. These tracts are part of circuitries essential for cognitive and emotional functions. Analyses revealed no significant difference in the total number and volume of WMLs between groups. Patients and controls showed no difference in vascular risk factors, except for smoking. Lesion load was highly correlated with smoking.
ConclusionsOur results indicate that lesion localization rather than lesion load differs between patients with late-onset MD and controls. Increased lesion density in regions associated with cognitive and emotional functions may be crucial in late-onset MD, and vascular risk factors such as smoking may play an important role in the pathophysiology of late-onset MD, consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis.
Weather associated with spring and summer migrations of rice pests and other insects in south-eastern and Eastern Asia
- A. P. Mills, J. F. Rutter, L. J. Rosenberg
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 86 / Issue 6 / December 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 683-694
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Trajectory analysis of the windfields at 10 m and 1.5 km was used to determine the direction and extent of windborne movements of insects trapped in spring and summer in south-eastern and eastern Asia for the period 1968 to 1985. Approximately 2500 trajectories, depicting the movements of airborne particles, were constructed where temperatures were high enough (>=10°C) to allow flight and where wind speeds (> =5 kmh−1) were expected to lead to downwind displacements. Trap catches were dominated (97%) by delphacid species (e.g. Nilaparvata lugens Stål and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)), with Cicadellidae (1.1%) and Diptera (0.7%) as the next most numerous. Very few Lepidoptera were reported. Most trajectories were less than or equal to 40 h in duration. The previously recognized northwards migration along a broad front in prevailing Summer Monsoon and Trade winds was confirmed, as was the important role of frontal depressions in the windborne migration of insects in temperate areas. Nearly 50% of the trajectories were constructed in mobile weather systems which both disturbed and strengthened the prevailing winds and led to pronounced differences in the direction and distance of sources for insects caught at any catching site. Similarly, fluctuations in position of quasi-stationary fronts induced considerable mixing of populations from different sources and influenced the northern extent of each phase of rice pest migration. The results supported earlier findings that migrations occurred between the tropics and temperate areas during the spring and summer, but also indicated that migrations within the tropics at this time of year were a more frequent occurrence than had been considered previously.
Studies of winds and weather during migrations of Simulium damnosum Theobald (Diptera: Simuliidae), the vector of onchocerciasis in West Africa
- J. I. Magor, L. J. Rosenberg
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 70 / Issue 4 / December 1980
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 693-716
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Reports of the presence and absence of biting by Simulium damnosum Theo. in the Volta River Basin in 1962, 1966 and 1975 were used to identify occasions when sites were invaded by parous and nulliparous females. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this insect is a wind-borne migrant, and the weather before and during some of these invasions was examined. Although most invasions studied took place south of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, for the first time evidence is presented suggesting that migration also takes place to the north of this zone. Immigrants were captured at the invaded sites only when light winds or calms were present. This cannot, however, be used as proof that S. damnosum migrates and lands only where winds are light or it is calm because host-seeking is inhibited by high winds and the time of arrival, as opposed to capture on a host, is unknown. Until the factors initiating emigration, as well as the height, duration and number of flights in each gonotrophic cycle and the time of immigration are known, the present findings cannot be tested rigorously nor can wind records be used to trace the source of immigrants.
Where are the Stars in Dark Galaxies?
- Jessica L. Rosenberg, John J. Salzer, John Cannon
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 3 / Issue S244 / June 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2007, pp. 127-135
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- June 2007
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Blind HI surveys provide a census of galaxies in the local universe that is unbiased by their optical properties. Even the Arecibo Dual-Beam Survey with a sample of only 265 galaxies discovered many low surface brightness galaxies and one galaxy with no obvious stellar component. Overall the galaxies in this survey display a diverse range of gas-to-stellar properties. The environment in which a galaxy resides is shown to be one of the factors responsible for this diversity, but it is not the only one. Clearly there are other factors affecting the complex processes responsible for the conversion of gas into stars rapidly in some galaxies, slowly in others, and rapidly in the center while slowly in the outskirts in still other galaxies. Nevertheless, even the inefficient star formation observed in a large fraction of the gas-rich galaxies appears to be a significant contributor to the overall star-formation rate density locally and therefore an important driver of galaxy evolution that must be understood. We focus on a discussion of the stellar and star formation properties in a 21 cm selected sample of galaxies because it is these measurements that contain the most information about the nature of star formation in galaxies.
The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey–Potential for finding Dark Galaxies and Results so far
- R. F. Minchin, R. Auld, L. Cortese, J. I. Davies, E. Momjian, R. Taylor, B. Catinella, P. Henning, S. Linder, E. Muller, K. O'Neil, J. Rosenberg, S. Sabatini, S. E. Schneider, M. Stage, W. van Driel, the AGES team
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 3 / Issue S244 / June 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2007, E1
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- June 2007
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Reproduction errors have occured in figures 1–4 of this paper, published in these proceedings, pages 112–119. The complete corrected paper is reproduced here for clarity.
Cambridge University Press apologise to the authors and readers for these errors.
AGES Observations of Abell 1367
- L. Cortese, R. F. Minchin, R. R. Auld, J. I. Davies, B. Catinella, E. Momjian, J. L. Rosenberg, R. Taylor, G. Gavazzi, K. O'Neil
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 3 / Issue S244 / June 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2007, pp. 350-351
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- June 2007
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We present 21 cm observations of 5×1 square degrees centered on the local Abell cluster 1367 obtained as part of the Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey. This represents the first HI selected sample covering the core and the outskirts of a local cluster of galaxies. Combining the HI data with SDSS optical imaging we show that in HI selected samples follow scaling relations similar to the ones usually observed in optically selected samples. The most striking difference between HI and optically selected samples resides in their large scale distribution: while optical and X-ray observations trace the cluster potential very well, at radio wavelengths there is almost no evidence of the cluster presence.